Oman today_ Petra, an ancient city in southern Jordan, is recognized as one of the world’s architectural marvels. Carved into red sandstone cliffs, this city is also known as the “Rose City.” Petra was established in the 6th century BCE by the Nabataeans, an Arab people who inhabited the region.
The Nabataeans leveraged Petra’s strategic geographical location to transform it into a major trading hub. The city lay on the caravan routes that transported goods like spices, silk, and perfumes between the East and the West. Petra reached its peak prosperity in the 1st century CE. However, with the redirection of trade routes and multiple earthquakes, the city gradually declined and was abandoned. It remained unknown to the Western world until the 19th century.
One of Petra’s most striking features is its unique architecture, carved directly into the cliffs. Among its most iconic structures is Al-Khazneh (the Treasury), renowned for its grandeur and intricate carvings. Other notable attractions include Ad-Deir (the Monastery) and the Roman Theater.
In 1985, Petra was inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and in 2007, it was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. The city is celebrated not only for its stunning architecture but also for its advanced water management system, which supported life in an arid desert environment.
To visit Petra, travelers can head to Wadi Musa, a nearby town that serves as the gateway to this archaeological site. Visitors can access Petra through a narrow canyon called the Siq, which offers a breathtaking approach to the city.
With its rich history and captivating beauty, Petra is a premier global tourist destination, attracting millions of visitors annually.