Oman today_ Ultraviolet radiation, or UV, is part of the sun’s energy that cannot be seen by the human eye, yet its effects on the skin and body are very real and significant. This radiation is a powerful form of energy, similar to X-rays, and the sun is its main source. Prolonged and unprotected exposure to UV rays can seriously threaten skin health.
Excessive exposure to UV radiation may lead to sunburn, the formation of dark spots, premature skin aging, a weakened immune response, and even skin cancer. For this reason, protecting the skin from sunlight is extremely important. Using a suitable sunscreen, wearing protective clothing, and limiting time spent under direct sunlight are among the simplest and most effective preventive measures.
UV radiation is divided into three types. UVA rays penetrate deeper into the skin than other types and play a major role in the development of wrinkles, skin discoloration, and certain types of skin cancer. UVB rays mainly affect the outer layers of the skin and are the primary cause of sunburn and skin inflammation, while also increasing the risk of skin cancer. The third type, UVC, is highly dangerous, but fortunately it is absorbed by the ozone layer and does not reach the Earth’s surface.
The harmful effects of UV radiation are due to its high energy, which can damage the structure of skin cells. UV rays can harm the DNA of skin cells and cause genetic changes. If these changes persist, they may lead to abnormal cell growth and eventually skin cancer. In addition, UV radiation breaks down collagen and elastin—two proteins responsible for the skin’s strength and elasticity—accelerating the aging process and causing wrinkles and sagging.
Other effects of UV exposure include inflammation, redness, and a burning sensation in the skin, which commonly appear as sunburn and may sometimes be accompanied by pain, swelling, or even blisters. UV radiation also increases the production of melanin, the pigment that determines skin color. Excessive melanin production can result in skin darkening and pigmentation spots. Beyond all this, UV rays can weaken the skin’s immune system, making it more vulnerable to infections and environmental damage.